Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in Children and Adults: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes up to the kidneys in a condition called Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR). Although it is more common in children, adults can also be affected. Early detection and proper treatment are important to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and possible kidney damage.

Table of Contents

• What is Vesicoureteral Reflux?
• Causes of Vesicoureteral Reflux
• Symptoms in Children and Adults
• Diagnosis of VUR
• Treatment Options
• Specialists to Consult at AIMS Hospital Dombivli
• FAQ
• Conclusion

What is Vesicoureteral Reflux?

Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when the one-way valve between the bladder and ureters fails, allowing urine to flow backward toward the kidneys. If left untreated, this reverse flow increases the risk of recurrent UTIs and may eventually lead to kidney damage.

Causes of Vesicoureteral Reflux

• Congenital (Primary VUR): Present from birth due to abnormal development of the ureters or bladder
• Secondary VUR: Caused by underlying conditions such as bladder blockage, repeated urinary tract infections, or neurological disorders affecting bladder control
• Genetic Factors: A family history of VUR increases the risk

Symptoms in Children and Adults

In Children

• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Fever without a clear cause
• Burning sensation during urination
• Bedwetting or daytime incontinence

In Adults

• Recurrent UTIs
• Flank pain or lower back pain
• High blood pressure (in severe or chronic cases)
• Kidney damage in advanced stages

Diagnosis of VUR

Doctors may recommend a combination of the following tests:

• Ultrasound: To examine the kidneys and urinary tract
• Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG): An X-ray test that shows the flow of urine and detects reflux
• DMSA Nuclear Scan: To evaluate kidney function and detect scarring
• Urine Tests: To identify infections

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of reflux and the risk of complications.

Conservative Management

• Regular monitoring in mild cases
• Preventive (prophylactic) antibiotics to reduce infection risk

Medical Treatment

• Antibiotics for recurrent UTIs
• Medications to improve bladder function

Surgical Treatment

• Ureteral reimplantation: Surgery to correct urine flow
• Endoscopic injection therapy: A minimally invasive procedure to strengthen the valve mechanism

Specialists to Consult at AIMS Hospital Dombivli

Patients with VUR can consult the following specialists at AIMS Hospital, Dombivli:

Urologists and Transplant Surgeons

• Dr. Datta Sonawane, MCh (Urology)

Pediatric Specialists

• Dr. Bobby Sadawarti, Pediatrician

General Physician (Initial Consultation)

• Dr. Sandeep Kadian, General Physician

FAQ

• 1. What is the main risk of untreated VUR? Untreated VUR can lead to recurrent UTIs, kidney scarring, and long-term kidney damage.
• 2. Can VUR resolve on its own in children? Yes, mild cases may resolve as the child grows, but regular monitoring is essential.
• 3. Which doctor should I see first for VUR? A general physician or pediatrician can perform the initial evaluation and refer you to a urologist or pediatric urologist if needed.
• 4. Is surgery always required for VUR? No, surgery is only recommended for severe or persistent cases that do not respond to medical management.
• 5. Can adults develop VUR? Yes, adults can develop secondary VUR due to urinary obstruction, infections, or other medical conditions.

Conclusion

Vesicoureteral reflux is a manageable condition when detected early. Parents and adults should stay alert to recurring urinary symptoms. Consulting the right specialists at a trusted hospital like AIMS Hospital, Dombivli ensures accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and long-term protection of kidney health.